Effects of Enclosure on Plant and Soil Restoration in the Junggar Desert     

WEI Peng  AN Shazhou  KE Mei  LI Chao  HOU Yurong  LAN Jiyong  KANG Shuai  JIN Junpeng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(6):840-848

Enclosure is commonly used in the restoration of degraded grasslands. However, the effects of enclosure on grassland plant and soil restoration remain controversial, particularly in deserts. To assess the effects of enclosure on desert plants and soil properties, using high throughput sequencing, the differences between plants and soil were systematically analyzed before and after enclosure construction. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the three desert flora increased and decreased, but the difference was not significant; enclosure increased plant height, coverage, aboveground biomass, and species richness by 58.99%, 59.35%, 33.29%, and 51.21%, respectively, in a Seriphidium transiliense formation; by 15.49%, 33.52%, 20.85%, and 5.13%, respectively, in a Haloxylon persicum formation; and by 83.80%, 31.51%, 76.66% and 33.33%, respectively, in an Anabasis salsa formation. For soil bacteria, enclosure significantly increased the average number of operational taxonomic units and Shannon-Wiener index by 12.74% and 2.92%, respectively, under S. transiliense formation and by 17.08% and 3.17%, respectively, under H. persicum formation. However, enclosure had no significant effect on the average number of operational taxonomic units or Shannon-Wiener index under A. salsa formation. Enclosure significantly increased desert plants, soil bacterial diversity, and desert plant community productivity; however, the increase in soil nutrient content was not significant. These results demonstrate that enclosure is effective for restoring desert ecosystems but may have little effect on the soil nutrient content.  相似文献   

Ecological Footprint Evaluation of Three Types of Wood Flooring in China based on Their Production Data from 2000 to 2018     

LI Jianquan  YUAN Yue  LUO Shuzheng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(3):430-436

To encourage the environmental responsibility of consumers and manufacturers for forest management, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental influences of forest products. Ecological footprint (EF) is an internationally recognized indicator for estimating the natural capital consumption and environmental influences of various forest products. In this study, we developed an accounting model for the EF evaluation of wood flooring, which is a tertiary forest product, by the method of transformation. Next, we used that model to evaluate the EF of three types of wood flooring in China according to their production data from 2000 to 2018. We collected the necessary data by visiting typical enterprises in China and referring to the relevant literature. According to our results, the average EFs of solid wood flooring, engineered solid wood flooring and laminate flooring between 2000 to 2018 were 3.13×10 ⁶, 1.05×10 ⁷ and 5.07×10 ⁶gha, respectively. The total EFs of solid wood flooring, engineered solid wood flooring and laminate flooring from 2000 to 2018 were 5.95×10 ⁷, 1.99×10 ⁸and 9.64×10 ⁷gha, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV) of the EFs for these three types of wood flooring were 0.45, 0.87 and 0.76, respectively. The average and total EFs of the engineered solid wood flooring were the largest among the three types of wood flooring. The per capita EF and unit EF for the engineered solid wood flooring were also the highest among the three types of wood flooring. The EFs showed an upward trend with irregular fluctuations from 2000 to 2018 for all three types of wood flooring. It is necessary to reduce the EF of the engineered solid wood flooring and use more environmentally friendly products, such as solid wood flooring, for environmental protection.  相似文献   

“一带一路”建设对沿线国家经济增长的影响效果与中介路径     

公丕萍  姜超 《世界地理研究》2021,30(3):465-477

科学评估“一带一路”建设对沿线国家经济增长的影响效果与中介路径,对理解国际合作模式、推动“一带一路”建设向高质量发展转变具有重要意义。基于2003—2017年“一带一路”沿线64个国家的相关数据,采用固定效应面板模型和中介效应检验程序,实证检验了“一带一路”建设对沿线国家经济增长的总体性影响效果,并分析对外直接投资、进出口贸易、交通运输、就业等中介因素之间的作用关系。研究结果表明：2013—2017年间“一带一路”建设能够显著地促进沿线国家的经济增长,但新建交通基础设施线路长度、中国对外直接投资等对沿线国家GDP增长的直接促进作用并不显著。它主要通过推动中国与沿线国家之间的贸易增长,对沿线国家内部的货物资源流动、人口就业率、就业结构等产生积极影响,进而促进沿线国家的GDP增长。  相似文献   

多维视角下京津冀地区人口集疏时空变化     

袁婷  曹卫东  陈明星  戚伟 《世界地理研究》2021,30(3):520-532

城镇化过程中,人口集疏是区域空间结构演化的根本动力。基于四普、五普、六普及2015年人口抽样数据,从多维视角分析京津冀地区近25年人口空间分布特征与集疏态势,研究发现：①京津冀地区人口总体分布仍呈西南稠密而东北稀疏格局,交通干线沿线人口地理集中度高;1990—2015年区县尺度上数量差异加剧,且在空间上存在强相关性：人口热点分布呈现以京、津和沿海区域为轴的“T”形结构,冷点区域则小幅扩张呈“C”形结构;②1990—2015年,京、津两市人口集疏空间表现出明显圈层特性,且人口扩散表现“核心-边缘”特性;河北各市人口集中在市辖区,且其周边区县人口流失程度呈阶段性加重。③综合城市规模等级与行政等级视角,城市规模与行政等级挂钩,城市行政等级越高其人口规模越大,人口集聚能力越强;主体功能分区视角下,开发区人口份额在提高,生态功能区人口份额在下降;京津冀地区人口集疏空间在2010年后发生转变,向沿海地区集聚趋势突出,表现出显著临海性。  相似文献   

Introduction to the Arctic shipping status report of the Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment Working Group (PAME)          下载免费PDF全文

Min Chao  Yang Qinghua 《极地研究》2021,32(2):279

  相似文献   

人地系统耦合下生态系统服务与人类福祉关系研究进展与展望   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

邱坚坚  刘毅华  袁利  陈澄静  黄清瑶 《地理科学进展》2021,40(6):1060-1072

21世纪以来生态系统服务退化与人类需求提升间的矛盾愈发激烈,如何有效推进生态系统服务与人类福祉的协调平衡成为当前可持续发展的核心主题。论文通过梳理生态系统服务与人类福祉关系研究的阶段演进发现,现有研究主要从服务对福祉的影响与福祉对服务的反馈切入,逐步聚焦到供需关系与空间流动、权衡/协同的利益博弈、文化服务的价值化、生态补偿与付费、优化调控与可持续管理等二者相互作用关系的实践上。但目前的关系研究仍以“级联框架的‘影响链条’”为主导,缺少测度直接交互作用的技术路径,理论体系匮乏,面向可持续管理的应用支撑较弱,而同时二者逐渐形成非线性交互关系,亟需在人地系统耦合框架下寻求综合集成范式经验以推进理论创新。因此,论文提出从级联到耦合的关系研究新思路,以生态系统服务与人类福祉的耦合研究来系统辨析其交互胁迫效应及内在动力演化机理,同时探索性构建耦合研究的理论框架与技术思路,丰富人地系统耦合的关键命题。以此为基础,未来研究还需着重从交互作用关系的梳理出发,深化耦合效应解耦、传导机制与动态集成、基于服务与福祉协调的可持续优化等领域研究,促进有序协调的生态文明发展。  相似文献   

基于COM/AutoCAD的SPOT5卫星影像地物半自动成图方法     

郑阔  韩延顺  任超 《测绘通报》2008,(3):37-40

对使用COM ActiveX自动控件接口操作AutoCAD进行介绍,针对利用SPOT5 HRS立体影像进行地物要素成图问题提出基于COM/AutoCAD的矢量化方法,并着重阐述利用该方法制作1∶50 000地形图的主要问题。  相似文献   

镭同位素示踪隆教湾的海底地下水排泄   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

郭占荣  黄磊  刘花台  袁晓婕 《地球学报》2008,29(5):647-652

福建省漳州市隆教湾海水中镭同位素的研究,目的是评价海底地下水排泄量。在2007年6月的航次中,垂直于岸线的9km剖面上布置15个站位,每个站位用潜水泵采集表层海水样60L于塑料桶中。水样运回实验室后,立即用装有锰纤维的PVC管以虹吸的方式富集水样中的镭同位素,水通过PVC管的流速小于300ml/min。224Ra活度用连续射气法测定,测完224Ra后密封7d以上,然后用直接射气法测定226Ra活度。224Ra和226Ra活度都呈现自岸向海逐渐降低的规律,表明扩散控制镭同位素的分布,由224Ra获得68.83km2d-1的扩散系数,同时226Ra形成-0.963dpm100l-1km-1的活度梯度。用扩散系数和活度梯度建立的226Ra的离岸通量为6.62×1011dpmkm-2d-1,这个通量一定是得到SGD输入的镭支持,从而获得隆教湾的海底地下水排泄量是3.03×109m3km-2d-1。该排泄量包括陆源地下淡水排泄量和再循环海水排泄量,绝大部分可能是再循环海水,有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地中部Ш区块原油中25—降藿烷分布特征与成因意义     

秦黎明  张枝焕  李伟  杨永才  袁东山 《地球学报》2008,29(4)

通过对准噶尔盆地中部Ш区块原油或油砂抽提物的饱和烃气相色谱-质谱分析,研究了原油或油砂抽提物中25-降藿烷的分布规律.结果表明,不同井区或同一口井不同深度(层位)的原油25-降藿烷的相对含量存在比较明显的差别,表明其所遭受的生物降解程度有所差异,沿构造带从南到北,同一油层中原油的生物降解程度增强,比如位于构造北部(构造部位相对较高)的永1井、永3井侏罗系原油25-降藿烷丰度较高,表明生物降解比较明显,而位于南部(构造低部位)的永6井白垩系和侏罗系油层中的原油均无明显的生物降解现象;同一口井随深度增大生物降解作用将弱,如永2井浅部白垩系油层的原油降解较严重,而深部西山窑组的原油降解作用则不明显.根据原油生物降解的特征,结合车-莫古隆起调整对研究区油气成藏的影响,讨论了原油生物降解差异分布的成因机制.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地中部III 区块原油中25-降藿烷分布特征与成因意义          下载免费PDF全文

秦黎明  张枝焕  李伟  杨永才  袁东山 《地球学报》2008,29(4):478-485

通过对准噶尔盆地中部Ш区块原油或油砂抽提物的饱和烃气相色谱-质谱分析,研究了原油或油砂抽提物中25-降藿烷的分布规律.结果表明,不同井区或同一口井不同深度(层位)的原油25-降藿烷的相对含量存在比较明显的差别,表明其所遭受的生物降解程度有所差异,沿构造带从南到北,同一油层中原油的生物降解程度增强,比如位于构造北部(构造部位相对较高)的永1井、永3井侏罗系原油25-降藿烷丰度较高,表明生物降解比较明显,而位于南部(构造低部位)的永6井白垩系和侏罗系油层中的原油均无明显的生物降解现象;同一口井随深度增大生物降解作用将弱,如永2井浅部白垩系油层的原油降解较严重,而深部西山窑组的原油降解作用则不明显.根据原油生物降解的特征,结合车-莫古隆起调整对研究区油气成藏的影响,讨论了原油生物降解差异分布的成因机制.  相似文献